
Peer-Reviewed Publications
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Hakimjavadi R, Karunananthan S, Levi C, LeBlanc K, Guglani S, Helmer-Smith M, Keely E, & Liddy C. (2022). Electronic consultation use by advanced practice nurses in older adult care—A descriptive study of service utilization data. Nursing Open, 00, 1– 9.
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Keely E, Mitchell R, Guglani S, Archibald D, Afkham A, Liddy C. (2022, September). Benefits of Providing Feedback and Utilisation Metrics to Specialists on Their Participation in eConsult. J. Eur. CME, 11(1), 2116193.
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Liddy C, Mitchell R, Guglani S, Mihan A, Sethuram C, Miville A, Keely E. (2022, May 22). The Provincial Spread and Scale of the Ontario eConsult Service: Evaluation of the First 2 Years. Ann Fam Med, 20(3), 262-265.
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Sethuram C, Helmer-Smith M, Karunananthan S, Keely E, Singh J, & Liddy C. Electronic consultation in correctional facilities worldwide: A scoping review. BMJ Open 2022.
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Carroll JC, Liddy C, Afkham A, Keely E, Goh ES, Graham GE, Permaul JA, Allanson J, Heisey R, Makuwaza T, Manca DP, O’Brien MA, Grunfeld E. Use of eConsultation to enhance genetics service delivery in primary care: a mixed methods study. Genetics in Medicine 2022.
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Liddy, C., Guglani, S., Ratzlaff, T., Campbell, R.J., Cranston, L., Miville, A., Ten Hove, M. and Keely, E. Expanding the scope of an eConsult service: acceptability and feasibility of an optometry–ophthalmology pilot project. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 2022.
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Guglani, S., Liddy, C., Afkham, A., Mitchell, R., & Keely, E. The Ontario Electronic Consultation (eConsult) Service: Cross-sectional Analysis of Utilization Data for 2 Models. JMIR formative research 2022; 6(4), e32101.
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Staykov E, Helmer-Smith M, Fung C, Tanuseputro P, Liddy C. Development of the electronic consultation long-term care utilization and savings estimator tool to model the potential impact of electronic consultation for residents living in long-term care. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2022. (In Press)
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Hakimjavadi R, Levi C, LeBlanc K, Helmer-Smith M, Joschko J, Karunananthan S, Keely E, Liddy C. The use of electronic consultation by advanced practice nurses to improve access to specialist care for older adults – a case study. Journal of Gerontological Nursing 2022. (In Press)
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Singh J, Garber G, Keely E, Guglani S, Liddy C. Evaluation of an electronic consultation service for Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) care. Annals of Family Medicine 2021. (Accepted)
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Liddy C, Singh J, Mitchell R, Guglani S, Keely E. How one eConsult Service is addressing emerging COVID-19 questions. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 2021. (Accepted)
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Liddy C, Boulay E, Crowe L, Dumas-Pilon M, Drimer N, Farrell G, Ireland L, Kirvan C, Nabelsi V, Singer A, Wilson M, Keely E. Impact of a Connected Medicine Collaborative to improve access to specialist care. CMAJ Open 2021;9(4)
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Singh J, Guglani S, Keely E, Garber G, Liddy C. The Utilization of an electronic consultation service during the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. Telemedicine and eHealth 2021, e[Pub].
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Fung C, Shah S, Helmer-Smith M, Levi C, Keely E, Liddy C. Clinical Questions Asked by Long-Term Care Providers Through eConsult: A Retrospective Study. Journal of Applied Gerontology 2021;40(8)
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Keely E, Liddy C. Specialist Participation in e-Consult and e-Referral Services: Best Practices. Telemedicine and e-Health 2021;27(1)
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Tran C, Archibald D, Humphrey-Murto S, Wood T, Dudek N, Liddy C, Keely E. eConsult Specialist Quality of Response (eSQUARE): a novel tool to measure specialist correspondence via electronic consultation. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2021
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Leduc JG, Keely E, Liddy C, Afkham A, Marovac M, Guglani S. Improving primary care access to respirologists using eConsult. Journal for Quality in Health Care 2021;33(3)
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Singh J, Lou A, Green M, Keely E, Greenaway M, Liddy C. Evaluation of an electronic consultation service for transgender care. BMC Family Practice 2021;22(1)
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Pun N, Arnaout A, Tran C, Liddy C, Keely E. Comparing the content of traditional faxed consultations to eConsults within an academic endocrinology clinic. Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology 2021
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Keely E, Rostom K, Smith D, Liddy C. A comparison of faxed referrals and eConsult questions for rheumatology referrals: a descriptive study. CMAJ Open 2021;9(1)
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Liddy C. Patient acceptability of eConsult. Annals of Family Medicine 2020
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Keely E, Afkham A, Liddy C. Insight into Specialists' Participation and Self-Reported Billing Times in Multispecialty eConsult Service: Correlating Response Length with Outcomes and Satisfaction. Telemedicine and e-Health 2020;26(4)
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Liddy C, de Man G, Moroz I, Afkham A, Mercer J, Keely E. Effective Integration of an eConsult Service into an Existing Referral Workflow Within a Primary Care Clinic. Telemedicine and e-Health 2020;26(5)
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Liddy C, Hauteclocque J, Moroz I, Oppenheimer L, Sturge D, Kovac Burns K, Horsley T, Tuot D, Keely E. Enabling patient-centred policy for electronic consultation: A qualitative analysis of discussion from a stakeholder meeting. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. 2020
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Liddy C, Moroz I, Affleck E, Boulay E, Cook S, Crowe L, Keely E. How long are Canadians waiting to access specialty care? Canadian Family Physician 2020;66(6)
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Moroz I, Archibald D, Breton M, Cote-Boileau E, Crowe L, Horsley T, Liddy C. Key factors for national spread and scale-up of an eConsult Innovation. Health Research Policy and Systems. 2020;18(1)
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Liddy C, Sethuram C, Mihan A, Moroz I, Keely E. Primary care providers’ perspectives on the Ontario eConsult Program. Telemedicine and eHealth. 2020
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Walker D, Macdonald B, Dennie C, Afkham A, Liddy C, Keely E. Electronic Consultation Between Primary Care Providers and Radiologists. American Journal of Roentgenology 2020;215(4)
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Chang Y, Carsen S, Keely E, Liddy C, Kontio K, Smit K. Electronic Consultation Systems: Impact on Pediatric Orthopedic Care. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 2020; 40(9): 531-535
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Morris J, Liddy C. Evaluating Implementation Factors of Indigenous Communities in Northern Ontario for eConsult. Global Health: Annual Review 2020; 1(5)
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Helmer-Smith M, Fung C, Afkham A, Crowe L, Gazarin M, Keely E, Moroz I, Liddy C. The Feasibility of Using Electronic Consultation in Long-Term Care Homes. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2020 **View the Infographic**
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Russell C, Sandu V, Moroz I, Tran C, Keely E, Liddy C. Key Components of Traditional Consultation Letters and Their Relevance to Electronic Consultation Replies: A Systematic Review. Telemedicine and e-Health 2020; 26(6): 689-699
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Liddy C, de Man G, Moroz I, Afkham A, Mercer J, Keely E. Effective Integration of an eConsult Service into an Existing Referral Workflow Within a Primary Care Clinic. Telemedicine and e-Health 2019; 26(5): 659-664 **View the Infographic*
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Wang C, Liddy C, Islam S, Afkham A, Shehata F, Posner G, Keely E. Pathology perspective on gynecologic malignancy screening questions in electronic consultation. Telemedicine and Telecare 2019 [epub before print] **View the Infographic**
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Liddy C, Bello A, Cook J, Drimer N, Dumas Pilon M, Farrell G, Glassford J, Ireland L, McDonald R, Nabelsi V, Oppenheimer L, Singer A, Keely E. Supporting the Spread and Scale-up of eConsult across Canada: cross-sectional analysis. BMJ Open 2019;9(5):e028888 **View the Infographic**
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de Man G, Moroz I, Mercer J, Keely E, Liddy C. Primary care clinician adherence to specialist advice in electronic consultation. Annals of Family Medicine 2019;17(2):150-157 **View the Infographic**
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Joschko J, Keely E, Grant R, Moroz I, Graveline M, Drimer N, Liddy C. Electronic Consultation Services Worldwide: Environmental Scan. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2018;20(12):e11112 **View the Infographic**
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Archibald D, Stratton J, Liddy C, Grant R, Green D, Keely E. Evaluation of an electronic consultation service in psychiatry for primary care providers. BMC Psychiatry 2018;18,119
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Keely E, Williams R, Epstein G, Afkham A, Liddy C. Specialist perspectives on Ontario eConsult services. Journal of Telemedicine and e-Health 2019;25(1):3-10
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Bradi AC, Sitwell L, Liddy C, Afkham A, Keely E. Ask a Neurologist: What Primary Care Providers ask, and reducing referrals through eConsults. Neurology: Clinical Practice 2018;8(3)
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Liddy C, Keely E. Using the Quadruple Aim Framework to Measure Impact of Health Technology Implementation: A Case Study of eConsult. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 2018;31:445-455
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Keely E, Li J, Magner P, Afkham A, Liddy C. Nephrology eConsults for Primary Care Providers: Original Investigation. Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease 2018;5:1-6
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Joschko J, Liddy C, Moroz I, Reiche M, Crowe L, Afkham A, Keely E. Just a click away: exploring patients’ perspectives on receiving care through the Champlain BASE™ eConsult service. Family Practice 2018;35(1):93-98.
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Kohlert S, Murphy P, Tse D, Liddy C, Afkham A, Keely E. Improving access to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery expert advice through eConsultations. Laryngoscope 2018;128(2):350-355.
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Lai L, Liddy C, Keely E, Afkham A, Kurzawa J, Abdeen N, Audcent T, Bromwich M, Brophy J, Carsen S, Fournier A, Fraser-Roberts L, Gandy H, Hui C, Johnston D, Keely K, Kontio K, Lamontagne c, Major N, O'Connor M, Radhakrishnan D, Reisman J, Robb M, Samson L, Sell E, Splinter W, van Stralen J, Venkateswaran S, Murto K. The impact of electronic consultation on a Canadian tertiary care pediatric specialty referral system: A prospective single-center observational study. PLoS ONE 2018;13(1):e0190247
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Liddy C, Smyth C, Poulin P, Joschko J, Sheppard M, Keely E. Supporting better access to chronic pain specialties: a qualitative study of the Champlain BASE™ eConsult service. J Am Board Fam Med 2017;30:766-774
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Skeith L, Mohamed M, Karovitch A, Liddy C, Afkham A, Archibald D, Keely E. The use of eConsults to improve access to specialty care in thrombosis medicine. Thrombosis Research 2017;160:105-108
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Rostom K, Smith CD, Liddy C, Drosinis P, Keely E. Improving Access to Rheumatologists: Use and Benefits of an Electronic Consultation Service. Journal of Rheumatology 2018;45(1):1787-1795
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Stanistreet K, Verma J, Kirvan K, Drimer N, Liddy C. Physician Remuneration for Remote Consults: An Overview of Approaches across Canada. Healthcare Quarterly 2017; 20(3), 12-15.
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Johnston DL, Murto K, Kurzawa J, Liddy C, Keely E, Lai L. Use of Electronic Consultation System to Improve Access to Care in Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 2017;39(7):e367-e369
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Murthy R, Rose G, Liddy C, Afkham A, Keely E. eConsultations to Infectious Disease Specialists: Questions asked and impact on primary care providers' behaviour. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2017:4(2):0fx030
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O'Toole A, Joo J, DesGroseilliers J-P, Liddy C, Glassman S, Afkham A, Keely E. The association between question type and the outcomes of a Dermatology eConsult service. International Journal of Dermatology 2017;56(8):836-841
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Keely E, Archibald D, Tuot D, Lochnan H, Liddy C. Unique educational opportunities for PCPs and Specialists arising from electronic consultation services. Academic Medicine 2017;92(1):45-51.
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Shehata F, Posner G, Afkham A, Liddy C, Keely E. Evaluation of an Electronic Consultation Service in Obstetrics and Gynecology in Ontario. Obstetetrics and Gynecology 2016;127(6):1033-8.
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Tran C, Liddy C, Liu D, Afkham A, Keely E. eConsults to Endocrinologists Improve Access and Change Primary Care Provider Behavior. Endocrine Practice. 2016;22(10):1145-1150.
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Fogel A, Khamisa K, Afkham A, Liddy C, Keely E. Ask the eConsultant: Improving access to hematology expertise using an asynchronous eConsult system. Telemedecine and Telecare. 2016;23(3):421-427.
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Liddy C, Smyth C, Poulin P, Joschko J, Rebelo M, Keely E. Improving access to chronic pain services through eConsultation: A cross-sectional study of the Champlain BASE eConsult service. Pain Medicine. 2016;17(6):1049-1057.
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Liddy C, Joschko J, Keely E. Policy Innovation is Needed to Match Health Care Delivery Reform: The Story of the Champlain BASE eConsult Service. Health Reform Observer. 2015;10;3(2):1-11.
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Tran C, Liddy C, Pinto N, Keely E. Impact of Question Content on e-Consultation Outcomes. Telemedicine Journal and e-Health. 2016;22(3):216-222.
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Keely E, Traczyk L, Liddy C. Patients’ perspectives on wait times and the referral-consultation process while attending a tertiary diabetes and endocrinology centre: Is eConsultation an acceptable option? Canadian Journal of Diabetes. 2015;39(4):325-9.
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Keely E, Drosinis P, Afkham A, Liddy C. Perspectives of Champlain BASE Specialist Physicians: their experiences and recommendations for expanding eConsult services across Ontario. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. 2015;209:38-45.
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Liddy C, Deri Armstrong C, Drosinis P, Mito-Yobo F, Afkham A, Keely E. What are the costs of improving access to specialists through eConsultation? The Champlain BASE experience. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. 2015 May;209:67-74.
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Liddy C, Hogel M, Blazhko V, Keely E. The Current State of Electronic Consultation & Electronic Referral Systems in Canada: an Environmental Scan. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. 2015;209:75-83.
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Liddy C, Deri Armstrong C, McKellips F, Keely E. A comparison of referral patterns to a multispecialty eConsultation service between nurse practitioners and family physicians: the case for eConsult. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners. 2016;28(3):144-50.
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Liddy C, Afkham A, Drosinis P, Joschko J, Keely E. Impact of and satisfaction with a new eConsult service: a mixed methods study of primary care providers. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. 2015;28(3):394-403.
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Keely E, Liddy C, Afkham A. Utilization, Benefits, and Impact of an e-Consultation Service across Diverse Specialties and Primary Care Providers. Telemedicine Journal and eHealth. 2013;19(10):733
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Liddy C, Maranger J, Afkham A, Keely E. The 10 Steps to Establishing an e-Consultation Service to Improve Access to Specialist Care. Telemedicine Journal and e-Health. 2013;19(12):982-90. **View the Infographic**
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Liddy C, Rowan SM, Afkham A, Maranger J, Keely E. Building Access to Specialist Care through E-Consultation. Open Medicine. 2013;7(1):e1-8.